An Aerial Observer's Guide to Recognizing and Reporting Southern Pine Beetle Spots

Southern Pine Beetle Handbook

Ronald F. Billings - Principal Entomologist, Texas Forest Service, Lufkin, and
Coleman Doggett - Pest Control Forester, North Carolina Division of Forest Resources, Raleigh.

United States Department of Agriculture, Combined Forest Pest Research and Development Program, Southern Pine Beetle Handbook, Agriculture Handbook No. 560 - Issued April 1980

In 1974 the U.S. Department of Agriculture initiated the Combined Forest Pest Research and Development Program, an inter-agency effort that concentrated on the Douglas-fir tussock moth in the West, on the southern pine beetle in the South, and on the gypsy moth in the Northeast. The work reported in this publication was funded in part by the Program. This handbook is one in a series on the southern pine beetle.

Contents

• Introduction
• Guidelines for Summer Aerial Surveys
• Beetle behavior in summer
• Recognizing SPB spots
• Evaluating potential spot expansion
• Determining ground check priorities
• Followup aerial surveys
• Updating flight maps
• Distinguishing SPB spots from other tree problems
• Fire
• Foliage diseases
• Herbicides
• Other bark beetles
• Checklist for summer aerial surveys
• Guidelines for Fall, Winter, and Spring Aerial Surveys
• Fall Surveys
• Winter Surveys
• Spring Surveys
• Regional Differences
• Acknowledgement

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