Rating the Susceptibility of Stands to Southern Pine Beetle Attack

G.N. Mason - Research Coordinator, IPM RD&A Program for Bark Beetles of Southern Pines,
P.L. Lorio, Jr. - Project Leader and Supervisory Soil Scientist, Forest Insect Research, USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Pinesville, LA,
R.P. Belanger - Principal Silviculturist, USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Athens, GA, and
W.A. Nettleton - Entomologist, Forest Pest Management, USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, State and Private Forestry, Pineville, LA.

Integrated Pest Management Handbook, USDA, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 645, April 1985.

Literature Cited

Belanger, R.P.; Malac, B.F. Silviculture can reduce losses from the southern pine beetle. Agric. Handb. 576. Washington, DC: U.S. Department Agriculture; 1980. 17 p.

Belanger, R.P.; Porterfield, R.L.; Rowell, C.E. Development and validation of systems for rating the susceptibility of natural stands in the Piedmont of Georgia to attack by the southern pine beetle. In: Hedden, R.L.; Barras, S.J.; Coster, J.E., coords. Hazard rating systems in forest insect pest management: symposium proceedings; 1980 July. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-27. Athens, GA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1981. p. 79-86.

Bennett, W.H. Silviculture control of southern forest insects. In: Insects in southern forests: 14th annual forestry symposium; 1965 April. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press; 1965. p. 51-63.

Billings, R.F.; Bryant, C.M., V. Developing a system for mapping the abundance and distribution of southern pine beetle habitats in east Texas. In: Proc., Symposium on insect and host tree interactions. 1983 March 29-31; University of Freiburg/Br., West Germany. Z. Angew. Entomol. 96(2): 208-216; 1983.

Billings, R.F.; Pase, H.A., III. A field guide for ground checking southern pine beetle spots. Agric. Handb. 558. Washington, DC: U.S. Department Agriculture; 1979. 19 p.

Coster, J.E.; Searcy, J.L., eds. Site, stand, and host charcteristics of southern pine beetle infestations. Tech. Bull. 1612. Washington, DC: U.S. Department Agriculture; 1981. 115 p.

Hedden, R.L. Impact submodels for a southern pine beetle pest management program. Clemson, SC: Clemson University; 1983. [Unpublished report to the IPM RD&A Program].

Hedden, R.L.; Karpinski, C. Estimating potential loss from the southern pine beetle. For. Leafl. No. 8. Clemson, SC: Clemson University and The South Carolina Forestry Commission; 1983. 4 p.

Hicks, R. R., Jr.; Howard, J.E.; Watterson, K.G.; Coster, J.E. Rating forest stand susceptibility to southern pine beetle in east Texas. For. Ecol. Manage. 2:269-283; 1980.

Hicks, R.R., Jr.; Mason, G.N. Southern pine beetle hazard rating works in east Texas. Southwest. Entomol. 7(3):174-180; 1982.

Ku, T.T.; Sweeney, J.M.; Shelburne, V.B. Hazard rating of stands for southern pine beetle attack in Arkansas. In: Hedden, R.L.; Barras, S.J.; Coster, J.E., coords. Hazard rating systems in forest insect pest management: symposium proceedings; 1980 July. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-27. Athens, GA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1981. p. 145-148.

Kushmaul, R.J.; Cain, M.D.; Rowell, C.E.; Porterfield, R.L. Stand and site conditions related to southern pine beetle susceptibility. For. Sci. 25:656-664; 1979.

Lorio, P.L., Jr.; Hodges, J.D. Host and site factors in southern pine beetle infestations. In: Payne, T.L.; Coulson, R.N.; Thatcher, R.C., eds. Southern pine beetle symposium; 1974 March; College Station: Texas Agriculture Experiment Station and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1974. p 32-34.

Lorio, P.L., Jr. Developing stand risk classes for the southern pine beetle. Res. Pap. SO-144. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station; 1978. 9 p.

Lorio, P.L., Jr.; Sommers, R.A. Use of available resource data to rate stands for southern pine beetle risk. In: Hedden, R.L.; Barras, S.J.; Coster, J.E., coords. Hazard rating systems in forest insect pest management: symposium proceedings; 1980 July. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-27. Athens, GA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1981. p. 75-78.

Lorio, P.L., Jr.; Mason, G.N.; Autry, G.L. Stand risk rating for southern pine beetle: integrating pest management with forest management. J. For. 80:212-214; 1982.

Mason, G.N.; Hicks, R.R., Jr.; Bryant, C.M., V; Mathews, M.L.; Kulhavy, D.L.; Howard, J.E. Rating southern pine beetle hazard by aerial photography. In: Hedden, R.L.; Barras, S.J.; Coster, J.E., coords. Hazard rating systems in forest insect pest management: symposium proceedings; 1980 July. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-27. Athens, GA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1981. p. 109-114.

Nebeker, T.E.; Homea, C.R. Comparison of selected southern pine beetle hazard rating systems in Mississippi. Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Tech. Bull. Mississippi State: Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station; 1984. (In press).

Porterfield, R.L.; Rowell, C.E. Analysis of site-stand factors affecting southern pine beetle infestation incidence. Final progress report to Expanded Southern Pine Beetle Research and Applications Program. Pineville, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station; 1980. 67 p.

Sader, S.A.; Miller, W.F. Development of a risk rating system for southern pine beetle infestation in Copiah County, Mississippi. Mississippi State: Mississippi State University; 1976. 61 p. [MS Thesis].

Swain, K.M.; Remion, M.C. Direct control methods for the southern pine beetle. Agric. Handb. 575. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1981. 15 p.

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