How to Identify Common Insect Associates of the Southern Pine Beetle

Southern Pine Beetle Handbook

United States Department of Agriculture, Combined Forest Pest Research and Development Program, Southern Pine Beetle Handbook, Agriculture Handbook No. 563. 1980.

Using this Handbook

To use the handbook, turn to the first page listing specimens in the insect order. Then, compare the unknown species with the descriptions and photographs or drawings given. Although the photographs depict natural color, preserved specimens—especially those in alcohol—may not have exactly the same color as those in the pictures. All sizes given are average length.The brief written descriptions are not intended to be taxonomically complete, but to pinpoint the features most useful in distinguishing a species or species group. Where minute characteristics are required to distinguish species, or where taxonomic problems exist, the genus alone is listed. Some prior training in entomology is assumed.

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