Screening Aids for Exotic Bark Beetles in the Northeastern United States

From: Cavey, J., Passoa, S. and Kucera D. 1994, Screening Aids for Exotic Bark Beetles in the Northeastern United States. NA-TP-11-94. Northeastern Area: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Introduction

The Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) in the Northeastern Region (NER) targeted six exotic bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) for survey beginning in 1994, as detailed in the CAPS Fiscal Year 1994 guidelines (USDA 1993). Weekly samples from lure traps¹ placed throughout the region will contain numbers of native bark beetles. The attached materials are provided to aid CAPS cooperators in the Northeastern Region in screening exotic target species from survey samples of bark beetles.

These screening aids were simplified by restricting the species treated to native bark beetles that are from a limited geographic area (i.e., the Northeastern Region) and are similar to the exotic target. The keys, in particular, may not be useful for screening survey samples from outside the northeastern U.S.

In developing the materials, we assumed that personnel have some experience in applied beetle identification. We made every effort to illustrate the more critical and difficult characters used in the keys and comparison. (Illustrations not referenced are by Joe Cavey.) For additional help, a condensed explanation of useful bark beetle morphology and terms may be found in Bright (1976:16-19).

This package contains screening aids for the exotic bark beetles listed below and a bibliography that applies to the entire package.

Primary Survey Target Species
Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) - Red-haired Pine Bark Beetle.
Ips typographus (Linnaeus) - Spruce Engraver Beetle.

Secondary Survey Target Species.
Hylurgops palliatus (Gyllenhal)
Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) - Six-toothed Bark Beetle.
Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) - Mediterranean Pine Engraver Beetle.
Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus) - Spruce Wood Engraver.

Also:
Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus)

For additional information on lure traps, contact authors.

Acknowledgments
We thank:

Robert J. Rabaglia, Maryland Department of Agriculture, Forest Pest Management, and Natalia J. Vandenberg for technical review of drafts of the manuscript and for the loan of reference specimens;

Stephen L. Wood, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; Natalia J. Vandenberg, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Entomology Laboratory (ARS-SEL), Washington, D.C.; and Donald M. Anderson, USDA-ARS-SEL (retired) for contributing their expert advice; and

Norman Johnson, the Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, for reference specimen loan.

For photographic assistance, we thank:

John Mitchell, OSU; and Sarah Donahue and Natalia Vandenberg, ARS-SEL.

We are also grateful to:

Otis Methods Development, USDA-APHIS, Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts, for loan of a drawing tube; the Northeastern Region, APHIS-PPQ, for administrative support; and the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, for making this publication possible.

Literature Cited

Anderson, D.M. 1989. Adult Scolytidae, 20p. In USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Recruitment and Development, Professional Development Center, Pest Identification Notebook. Loose leaf.

Bright, D.D. 1976. The bark beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 2. Biosystematics Res. Inst. Res. Br. Publ. 1576:1-241.

Cavey, J.F. and S. Passoa. 1993. Possible new introduction, European spruce bark beetle. USDA For. Serv. Pest Alert, No. NA-TP-18-93, 2p.

Lanier, G.N. 1987. The validity of Ips cribricollis (Eich.) as distinct from I. grandicollis (Eich.) and the occurrence of both species in Central America. Canad. Entomol. 119:179-187.

Lanier, G.N., S.A. Teale and I.A. Pajares. 1991. Biosystematics of the genus Ips in North America: review of the Ips calligraphus group. Canad. Entomol. 123:1103-1124.

Passoa, S. and J.F. Cavey. 1993. Key to help screen Tomicus piniperda (L.) from other North American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). USDA For. Serv. Circ. NA-TP-06-93, 4p.

Swaine, J.M. 1918. Canadian bark beetles. Part II. Dom. Canada Dept. Agric. Entomol. Br. Tech. Bull. 14(32):1-143.

USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Northeastern Region. 1993. FY-1994 Cooperative agreement guidelines, Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey. Appendix I.a: Recommended target species for exotic pest survey in the Northeastern Region, p.1-17, i-x.

Whittle, K. and D.M. Anderson. 1985. Spruce bark beetle,  Ips typographus (L). Pests not known to occur in the United States or of limited distribution, No. 66. USDA-APHIS-PPQ Ser. 81-46, 13p.

Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 6:1-1359.

Wood, S.L. 1986. A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Nat. Mem. 10:1-126.

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